From ‘Dream of Red Chamber’ to Explore the Marriage System

From ‘Dream of Red Chamber’ to explore the marriage system in imperial China ‘Dream of Red Chamber’, written by Cao Xueqin in the eighteenth century, is the first Chinese novel which used a love tragedy to convey the message of the miserable marriage life of the Chinese. It was a common practice for author to turn a love tragedy into a happy ending instead. For example: in ‘The palace of eternal youth’, despite troubles in the present life, the two main characters, Li Longji and Yang Yuhuan, were able to be with each other in their future lives after death, with the help of heavenly Emperor. Since ‘Dream of Red Chamber’ made such a breakthrough in Chinese literature, this paper will focus on how he love tragedy between Jia Baoyu, Lin†¦show more content†¦Moreover, the fact that having offspring is ranked so high in choosing a bride can also be reflect by the seven reasons for a man to divorce his wife to be permitted, which is recorded in ‘Liji’ written by Confucius. The seven reasons are as followed: barrenness, licentiousness, failure to serve parents-in-law, loquacity, theft, jealousy and dread disease. From this, it is clear that having offspring has top priority in a marriage. Another saying of Mencius also sum up how Chinese look at the matter of bearing offspring: ‘There are three ways to be unfilial; having no sons is the worst.’ This saying suggests that two things about having offspring. First, just like mentioned before, the importance of having offspring in imperial China. Second, is that having offspring seems to be a duty of a son only, hence, getting married is to fulfill the duty of a son in serving his parents instead of to be with the love ones. Second criterion is the social status of the bride. This is the most understandable criterion, which many of us in the present time would still take into account when choosing partner. Back in the imperial China, most concern would be places on the financial background. Marriage is the beginning of a new family therefore a certain amount of money is necessary. And the last criterion is the virtue of the bride. This is because the

Essay about Frq Analysis - 1138 Words

Ruhani Malik Period 4 1960’s HW FRQ Questions Due by April 26-27, 2012 Be sure to provide a strong and specific thesis statement with a nice introduction to your essay. Also be sure to provide names, dates, book titles, court cases, statistics and any and all other relevant facts you can think of to support your answer. Staple this sheet to the front of your essay and be sure to follow the formatting rules discussed for previous FRQ’s. 1. With respect to THREE of the following, analyze the view that the 1960’s represented a period of profound cultural change: †¢ Ethnic Pride †¢ Gender Roles †¢ Music †¢ Race Relations †¢ Hippies †¢ Sexual Revolution†¦show more content†¦Regarding African Americans a strive for political and social equality was apparent through the enactment of two civil rights laws in 1960s by Congress, nonviolent protests such as the sit-in tactic and marches, advocation of â€Å"black power† and the attainment of presidential support for their cause. Regarding the women’s movement, the National Organization for Women (incorporating activist tactics) the adoption of the Equal Pay Act of 1963 and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 supported their cause by making fundamental changes in employment and hiring practices. Moreover Latinos strived for progress by pushing for collective bargaining rights, a mandate for bilingual education and running for offices in major cities. African Americans were able to gain much attention and sympathy through their various protests and they were also able to advance politically and economically with their enactment of civil ri ghts laws. In the 1960s nonviolent protests were prevalent among African American; in 1960 students in North Carolina started the sit-in movement after being denied service at Woolworth’s lunch counter (which was segregated). 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Emotional Intelligence in Organization Development

Question: Discuss about the Emotional Intelligence in Organization Development. Answer: Introduction Emotional intelligence refers to the ability of people to recognize own and others emotion. Emotional intelligence helps to show prejudice in between various feelings and also label those appropriately. Emotional information helps to guide the thinking and the behaviour to manage the emotion for adapting the environmental goals (Goleman Boyatzis McKee, 2013). However, emotional intelligence has various models that help to understand the emotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence reflects the capabilities to join emotions, intelligence and empathy to improve the thought and interpersonal dynamics understanding. The main purpose of the business report is to present the emotional intelligence at the executive meeting. The discussion states various factors of emotional intelligence that can affect the individual life and other peoples life. Emotional factors have a link with the effective leadership. The assessment investigate that if emotional intelligence can be taught or not and explain the reasons. Moreover, the discussion finds the tests of emotional intelligence to convince the individuals. Factors of Emotional Intelligence According to Chiu et al. (2016), emotional intelligence has five key factors. The factors are self awareness, self regulation, motivation, empathy and social skills. Self awareness is to identify and understand own moods and the motivation that can affect others emotion and feeling. The person needs to monitor its own self that include confidence, sense of humour and awareness of impression on the other people. Self regulation: Self regulation refers to the control on the impulse. The person or the employee can listen the words and comments of others carefully before react (Matthews, 2013). The person should think before respond. This shows the emotional maturity. Motivation is the interest of the individual in learning. Goleman, Boyatzis and McKee (2013) stated that motivation refers to the comparison between self improvement and wealth and status pursuit. An employee needs both internal and external motivation both. Emotional maturity includes initiative and commitment in completing a particular task and perseverance of adversity. The person should have the ability to motivate own self. Empathy is the capability to understand the emotional reaction of other person. A person can achieve empathy when he is able to achieve the self awareness. Zeidner Kloda and Matthews (2013) suggested that one can understand the feelings and emotion of others when he is able to understand himself. Emotional maturity has two parts: perceptive and proactive. One should be aware of the perceptive of emotion of other and have active interest in the concern. Proactive helps to understand the needs and proper reaction of others. Social skills refer to the communication, influence and leadership and conflict management. Successful communication is that when both the communicator listen and respond properly. Influence leadership refers to the capability to guide and inspire people. Conflict management refers that when a leader has the ability to handle a difficult situation. Link of emotional factor with effective leadership Effective leadership is related with the emotional factors. An intelligent and effective leader tries to manage each factors of emotional intelligence. In view of Zeidner, Matthews and Shemesh (2015) an effective leader is always self aware and should have a clear idea on the strength and weakness of own self. Effective leaders should maintain a diary to record the personal data and use the personal experience in handling others problem. The leaders should be calm and polite and communicate very minute with other employees. They listen others carefully before making any decision. Efficient leaders always has control on their emotions and flexible. As opined by Blazer (2012), an effective leader should know codes of ethics and needs to follow the ethics. In case of efficient leadership, self motivation plays the key role. Self motivation helps to achieve the goals and improve the quality of work. Leaders can take the help of leadership motivation assessment, which help to improve thei r capability. Efficient leaders always try to place themselves in others condition during examining a critical condition with the empathy. The leaders should be careful about the body language, which helps to motivate others. Leaders who know about the social skills properly are the effective leaders as a communicator. They are able to manage conflicts and help others to improve the communication skills. Explanation of either Emotional intelligence teachable or not Emotional intelligence can be improved on the basis of several core ability of individual mind. However, Vachon (2016) mentioned that emotional intelligence sessions help to develop the interpersonal skills as it can be teachable. These sessions help to develop the understanding, expressing, analysing and regulating skills of emotion. Every session involves short lectures, emotional exercises, reading and the discussion. All the participants can be provided a diary to note down their emotional experience. They need to analyse their personal emotional on the daily basis. The participants should utilize their experiences and follow the training. Blazer, Yaffe and Liverman (2015) mentioned that the six months training of emotional intelligence can show significant result. The participants will be able to modify their understanding towards their own emotion and others emotion. They will be able to improve the self awareness and self regulation to motivate owns self. It can be suggested t hat emotional intelligence can be taught by applying the proper methodology. Tests of emotional intelligence Every day life of the individual needs the emotional intelligence skills. Emotional intelligence can be applied to the development of interpersonal relationship. An employee has to perform different roles in the workplace and the communication style is also changed in every situation (Burnett Pettijohn, 2015). For example, in a difficult situation, the leaders have to make decision. In such cases, the leaders need to be calm and be aware of self awareness and self regulation. Most of the time, in difficult moment, people cannot control themselves and react vulgarly. Emotional intelligence training can help them to modify themselves to handle the situation. In case of mistake, most of the employees blame each other instead of accepting their own fault. Emotional intelligence plays the major role in such situation to make peace and control the situation (Yadav, 2014). The emotionally strong person will understand the situation and will focus to solve the problem instead of blaming oth ers. Conclusion It can be concluded on the basis of the discussion that emotional intelligence plays significant role at the workplace. Emotional intelligence is a part of psychology and help to improve the personal skills and personality. Emotional intelligence helps to present a sharp personality and body language. The effectiveness of emotional intelligence is that it helps to handle critical condition without any conflict. It helps to utilise the skills of a leader. The five factors of emotional intelligence needs to be understand to modify own self. Efficient leaders never blame other employees rather focus on the method to solve the problem. Emotional intelligence sessions help to develop the individual self awareness and self regulation. However, the person should also give some effort to improve the emotional intelligence so that they can avid the problems regarding the emotional intelligence. The habit of making personal diary helps a person to improve themselves. They need to put the perso nal expertise in difficult situation and in modification of others behaviour. References Blazer, D. (2012). Substance Use Disorders in Later Life: a Hidden Epidemic. Psychiatric News, 47(16), 16b-25. https://dx.doi.org/10.1176/pn.47.16.psychnews_47_16_16-b https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2568230/pdf/jnma00164-0063.pdf Blazer, D. G., Yaffe, K., Liverman, C. T. (Eds.). (2015).Cognitive aging: Progress in understanding and opportunities for action. National Academies Press. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25879131 Burnett, M., Pettijohn, C. (2015). Investigating the Efficacy of Mind-Body Therapies and Emotional Intelligence on Worker Stress in an Organizational Setting: An Experimental Approach.Journal of Organizational Culture, Communication and Conflict,19(1), 146. https://www.alliedacademies.org/articles/jocccvol19no12015.pdf Chiu, L., Mahat, N., Rashid, B., Razak, N., Omar, H. (2016). Assessing Students Knowledge and Soft Skills Competency in the Industrial Training Programme: The Employers Perspective. Review Of European Studies, 8(1), 123. https://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v8n1p123 https://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/res/article/view/52349/31503 Goleman, D., Boyatzis, R., McKee, A. (2013).Primal leadership: Unleashing the power of emotional intelligence. Harvard Business Press. https://hbswk.hbs.edu/archive/2875.html Matthews, G. (2013). Development of Emotional Intelligence: A Skeptical but Not Dismissive Perspective. Human Development, 46(2-3), 109-114. https://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000068585 https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.921.9971rep=rep1type=pdf Vachon, M. (2016). Targeted intervention for family and professional caregivers: Attachment, empathy, and compassion. Palliative Medicine, 30(2), 101-103. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269216315624279 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0269216315624279 Yadav, S. (2014). The role of emotional intelligence in organization development.IUP Journal of Knowledge Management,12(4), 49. https://www.iupindia.in/1410/Knowledge%20Management/The_Role_of_Emotional_Intelligence.html Zeidner, M., Kloda, I., Matthews, G. (2013). Does dyadic coping mediate the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and marital quality?. Journal Of Family Psychology, 27(5), 795-805. https://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0034009 https://psycnet.apa.org/journals/fam/27/5/795/ Zeidner, M., Matthews, G., Shemesh, D. (2015). Cognitive-Social Sources of Wellbeing: Differentiating the Roles of Coping Style, Social Support and Emotional Intelligence. Journal Of Happiness Studies, 17(6), 2481-2501. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10902-015-9703-z https://medind.nic.in/jak/t08/i1/jakt08i1p83.pdf

Creating a Safe Place that Accommodates Cultural Diversity

Question: Discuss about theCreating a Safe Place that Accommodates Cultural Diversity. Answer: Introduction Culture is human behaviour including customs, beliefs, and preferences. These factors vary among people depending on their origin. This report appreciates cultural differences seeks to explore on how to create safe spaces. Background Distinction in cultures raises a problem of interaction. To resolve this issue, safe spaces need to be created. Safe spaces ensure that people can communicate freely without being judged. They provide a feeling of social safety where ones culture is nurtured and respected (Arnold, Lipman, Cowling, 1994). Scope This report focuses on how people can learn to accommodate different cultures by respecting and nurturing. It seeks to explain how to create safe places that facilitate interaction among people. It focuses on a video clip by Diversity Nursing on incompetent versus competent cultural care. The video clip is set in a hospital where nurses provide unsafe and safe space for patients. Aim This reports objective is to illustrate inhibition of social safety and recommend on how to create safe spaces. In the video clip studied, the nurses are judgmental and do not provide a safe space for explanation. Their fail to appreciate different customs and beliefs. They should be open-minded and allow patients to explain their situations before making conclusions. Summary of the Media Clip Incompetent versus competent cultural are is a video clip created by Diversity Nursing on November 8th, 2011. It was created in a hospital setting to show how nurse how to accommodate patients of different ethnicities and preferences. Nurse Rida has an Asian patient who believes that coining and cupping can help reduce body pains. Rida wants to examine her patient and finds out she has circular marks on her skin that might be affected. Rida does not allow her patient to explain the situation and immediately concludes that her patient is in an abusive home (Brislin, Worthley and McNab 2006). She decides to report the matter and informs her patient that it would be best to leave her home. The following scene shows how Rita should handle the situation. Rita understands techniques used to relieve pain by different cultures, allows her patient to explain, examines the marks and sensitively explains that they are infected. Summary of Literature To understand how to create a safe space that accommodates the variety of cultures available, one has to know the following keywords. Safe space- is explained as an environment that allows free expression without worry of being discriminated or feeling uncomfortable. A safe space accommodates differences in beliefs, customs, values, identity, thoughts, background or religion. It respects cultural safety by nurturing and respecting a persons culture. Cultural safety- is the practice by a person at work and social places that aim to appreciate cultural diversity. This is by respecting anothers culture and helping nurture it without harassment and discrimination. Cultural self-awareness- this is the ability of a person to identify different cultures, be able to keep an open mind about various practices and appreciate them. It helps build a foundation in communicating without offending peoples beliefs and perceptions (Byram, 2012). Cultural capability- this refers to the ability to acquire knowledge, skills and mannerisms required to plan, offer support and provide services in a way that respects culture. It determines how one can work in various cultures and be able to accommodate different perceptions (Crowne, 2013). Cultural intelligence- this is the ability of a person to work and relate effectively with individuals in various cultures. To attain cultural information, one has to possess a variety of capabilities. According to Crowne (2013), they include; motivation to enjoy and gain from cultural diversity, knowledge about all similar and different aspects of various culture, appreciation of these differences and planning for diversity encounters, and ability to adapt behaviour that bests suits each culture. To create an environment that promotes free expression and eliminates discrimination, one has to achieve cultural intelligence. The steps to accomplishing such capacity start from being aware of the existence of various beliefs, customs, values, and perceptions (Bruhn, 2005) . Such awareness can be acquired by familiarising oneself with the different cultures that exist in different regions all over the world. In so doing, a person knows about similarities in cultures and also identifies what makes them distinct (Crowne, 2013). The second step will then involve being able to stand on one's customs and beliefs and understanding different perspectives in their original point of view. Instead of judging certain practices, a person should try to appreciate why people conduct these practices. One has to be open-minded to do so (Crowne, 2013). Once a person acquires knowledge of different practices and understands why they are conducted, the next step is trying to incorporate these beliefs into ones way of life. This does not necessitate one to abandon their culture but rather, learn various behaviours that are appreciated (Peterson, 2004). In so doing one acquire skills that enable them to deal with different encounters and promote cultural safety. Observation of the Video According to the video by Diversity Nursing, Rida is a nurse that lacks awareness of different practices used in relieving pain. She mistakes the practice of coining, cupping and acupuncture by Asians as a case of abuse. Also, when her patient tries to explain, Rida doesnt give her time and rushes out the door insisting that she was going to report the incident. Rida's behaviour depicts the lack of cultural awareness as she is not conversant with the Asian practice of pain relief. Moreover, she lacks the intelligence necessary to handle the situation and draws conclusions without ask for an explanation. This is an unsafe space for the patient. The environment excludes the patient, and Rida's behaviour involves shouting and rushing out the door ("Incompetent vs. Competent Cultural Care", 2016). However, in the subsequent scene, Rida is aware of her patients practices. She understands how the pain relief method works. Rida is calm and allows her patient to explain the circumstances that led to the need for such an approach. Rida handles the situation intelligently and explains to her patient that though the pain relief process was necessary at the time, it lead to the patient being infected. In the second scene, Rida is keen to provide a safe environment that allows her patient to explain her condition. Rida does her best in ensuring the environment is inclusive. She does so by showing her understanding of the acupuncture method of pain relief ("Incompetent vs. Competent Cultural Care", 2016). TABLE 1: cultural safety issues observed in the video clip. Time frame in seconds Physical factors Communication factors Signs of inclusion and exclusion Display or lack of cultural intelligence. 0:17s- 0:55s A hospital ward with the patient on her bed and the nurse standing by her bedside. The nurse is loud when she speaks and does not read the patients body language Exclusive; the nurse lacks awareness of the pain relief method. The nurse requires cultural intelligence. Rida doesnt listen to the explanation and rushes to make conclusions 1:52s-2:42s A hospital ward with the patient on her bed and the nurse standing by the bedside examining her patient. The nurse speaks calmly, takes her time to read her patients body language. Inclusive; the nurse is aware of the acupuncture pain relief method. Displays cultural intelligence. The nurse explains to the patient about her infection without offending her customs. Discussion At the beginning of the video clip, Nurse Rida depicts the lack of any knowledge of the various practices that help in pain relief. This lack of awareness is evident as soon as she notices the circular marks on her patients back, she concludes that the patient is a victim of violence. Besides, Rida lacks cultural intelligence because instead of allowing her patient to explain how she got the marks, Rida is quick to show how uncomfortable she is with the situation. She rushes out the door and insists on making a report of domestic violence. Later on the video clip, a different scenario is shown. Here, Rida is aware of the acupuncture pain relief method. She notices the marks and acknowledges it. She shows understanding and makes her patient comfortable who explains how she got the marks. Rather than rushing out the door, Rida examines her patient's scores and realises they are infected (Quappe and Cantatore, 2005) . She is culturally intelligent as she carefully to her patient about the infected wounds in a culture respecting manner. Recommendations According to the studied video clip, Rida needs to acquire information on practices with a medical orientation. That way she will be aware of the marks they leave behind and will not be caught off guard again (Tierney, 2007). Besides, Rida should learn to appreciate various practices as it will help her understand the medical perspective of her patients. She should also embrace these customs and will, therefore, be able to act accordingly towards her patient. Besides acquiring knowledge, she should aim at achieving cultural intelligence. She will gain better communication skills on how to pass information without offending ones beliefs. She will appreciate diversity and learn to incorporate some of these differences in her way of life (Tierney, 2007). This way she can create a safer space environment for her patients to explain themselves without feeling uncomfortable. Conclusion This report focuses on social safety and how to create a safe space that accommodates cultural diversity and appreciates different personal identities. It explains the various concepts that should be understood to understand the necessity of creating safe spaces. It reviews a video clip by Diversity Nursing that shows safe and unsafe areas. The video clip demonstrates this two scenarios by showing one with a dangerous environment and another the recommends the changes that should be made. The report describes steps to be taken so as to ensure a safe space and towards accomplishing social intelligence. References Arieli, D., Friedman, V., Hirschfeld, M. (2012). Challenges on the path to cultural safety inNursing education. International Nursing Review, 59(2), 187-193. Arnold, M., Lipman, S., Cowling, M. (1994). Culture and anarchy. New Haven: YaleUniversity Press. Brislin, Worthley and McNab (2006) cultural intelligence Bruhn (2005) culture brain interactions Byram, M. (2012). Language awareness and (critical) cultural awareness relationships,comparisons and contrasts. Language Awareness, 21(1-2), 5-13. Crowne, K. (2013). Cultural exposure, emotional intelligence, and cultural intelligence: Anexploratory study. International Journal Of Cross-Cultural Management, 13(1), 5-22.Cultural diversity awareness. Flanja (2009) culture shock intercultural communication Glapka, E. (2015). On a stepping-stone to cultural intelligence: Textual/discursive analyses of media reception in cultural studies. International Journal Of Cultural Studies. Gollings, J. (2011). Cultural awareness. BDJ, 210(11), 501-502 Hall, L. Wilkes, M. (2015). Its a safe environment for us Indigenous students Creating aculturally safe learning space for Indigenous Pre-Tertiary students. Learning Communities: International Journal Of learning in social contexts, 17 (indigenous pathways), 121-122. Holley and Steiner (2005) creating safe spaces Incompetent vs. Competent Cultural Care. (2016). YouTube. Retrieved 15 October 2016 Peterson, B. (2004). Cultural intelligence. Yarmouth, Me.: Intercultural Press. Quappe and Cantatore (2005) cultural awareness Spector, R. (2004). Cultural diversity in health illness. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: PearsonPrentice Hall. Tierney, S. (2007). Accommodating cultural diversity. Aldershot, England: Ashgate. Journal of Ethnic Cultural Diversity in Social Work Call for Papers. (2015). Journal Of Ethnic And Cultural Diversity In Social Work, 24(2), 184-185.

Platos Idea of the Role of Philosophy in Human Life free essay sample

An examination of Platos beliefs in the function of philosophy in life. This paper attempts to assess Platos obsession with the role of philosophy. The author argues that Plato sees philosophy as the purpose in life and provides reasons for this such as Philosophys ability to provide clarity to to all discussions of fundamental values and principles so important to human life. This paper examines Platos concepts and principles. Everyone knows that for Plato, philosophy is the summit of human life and achievement. Socrates, the grandfather of dialectics, gadfly to Athens, made no bones about it in the Republic: the philosopher is flatly superior to all other men. Why? Socrates formulates the same thought in many related figures. Only the philosopher sees the invisible realities obscured by visible facts. Others see the Many, the philosopher sees the One. Others are beguiled by shadows, the philosopher gazes into light. We will write a custom essay sample on Platos Idea of the Role of Philosophy in Human Life or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Others are taken in by simulacra viewed as being in constant motion, but the philosopher knows the unmoving essences that underlie all appearances. For Socrates-Plato, then, the philosopher not only epitomizes man at his finest (there is never a question of women becoming philosophers, not even so much as a murmur one can only imagine the outburst of sardonic laughter the idea might have provoked from Socrates and his entourage), but also ought to be the ruler of the ideal State. Concomitantly, those who are not philosophers deserve to be classed among the ruled. My question, in this short paper, will be: Does Socrates, as quoted by Plato in The Republic, make his case for these claims convincingly, or does he leave the reader feeling dubious?

All Quiet On The Western Front Essays - English-language Films

All Quiet On The Western Front Essays - English-language Films All Quiet on the Western Front Erich Maria Remarque?s All Quiet on the Western Front, a novel set in World War I, centers around the changes wrought by the war on one young German soldier. During his time in the war, Remarque?s protagonist, Paul Baumer, changes from a rather innocent Romantic to a hardened and somewhat caustic veteran. More importantly, during the course of this metamorphosis, Baumer disaffiliates himself from those societal icons?parents, elders, school, religion?that had been the foundation of his pre-enlistment days. This rejection comes about as a result of Baumer?s realization that the pre-enlistment society simply does not underezd the reality of the Great War. His new society, then, becomes the Company, his fellow trench soldiers, because that is a group which does underezd the truth as Baumer has experienced it. Remarque demonstrates Baumer?s disaffiliation from the traditional by emphasizing the language of Baumer?s pre- and post-enlistment societies. Baumer either can not, or chooses not to, communicate truthfully with those representatives of his pre-enlistment and innocent days. Further, he is repulsed by the banal and meaningless language that is used by members of that society. As he becomes alienated from his former, traditional, society, Baumer simultaneously is able to communicate effectively only with his military comrades. Since the novel is told from the first person point of view, the reader can see how the words Baumer speaks are at variance with his true feelings. In his preface to the novel, Remarque maintains that "a generation of men ... were destroyed by the war" (Remarque, All Quiet Preface). Indeed, in All Quiet on the Western Front, the meaning of language itself is, to a great extent, destroyed. Early in the novel, Baumer notes how his elders had been facile with words prior to his enlistment. Specifically, teachers and parents had used words, passionately at times, to persuade him and other young men to enlist in the war effort. After relating the tale of a teacher who exhorted his students to enlist, Baumer states that "teachers always carry their feelings ready in their waistcoat pockets, and trot them out by the hour" (Remarque, All Quiet I. 15). Baumer admits that he, and others, were fooled by this rhetorical trickery. Parents, too, were not averse to using words to shame their sons into enlisting. "At that time even one?s parents were ready with the word ?coward?" (Remarque, All Quiet I. 15). Remembering those days, Baumer asserts that, as a result of his war experiences, he has learned how shallow the use of these words was. Indeed, early in his enlistment, Baumer comprehends that although authority figures taught that duty to one?s country is the greatest thing, we already knew that death-throes are stronger. But for all that, we were no mutineers, no deserters, no cowards?they were very free with these expressions. We loved our country as much as they; we went courageously into every action; but also we distinguished the false from true, we had suddenly learned to see. (Remarque, All Quiet I. 17) What Baumer and his comrades have learned is that the words and expressions used by the pillars of society do not reflect the reality of war and of one?s participation in it. As the novel progresses, Baumer himself uses words in a similarly false fashion. A number of inezces of Baumer?s own misuse of language occur during an important episode in the novel?a period of leave when he visits his home town. This leave is disastrous for Baumer because he realizes that he can not communicate with the people on the home front because of his military experiences and their limited, or nonexistent, underezding of the war. When he first enters his house, for example, Baumer is overwhelmed at being home. His joy and relief are such that he cannot speak; he can only weep (Remarque, All Quiet VII. 140). When he and his mother greet each other, he realizes immediately that he has nothing to say to her: "We say very little and I am thankful that she asks nothing" (Remarque, All Quiet VII. 141). But finally she does speak to him and asks, "?Was it very bad out there, Paul" (Remarque, All Quiet VII. 143). Here, when he answers, he lies,

Delegation & Empowerment Annotated Bibliography

Delegation & Empowerment - Annotated Bibliography Example Curtis, E., & Nicoll, H. (2004). Delegation: A Key Function of Nursing. Nursing Management, 11(4), pp. 26-31. Curtis and Nicoll have managed to discuss delegation and employee empowerment as a key attribute of effective leadership. They have discussed various theories of effective leadership and have used works of other scholars to emphasize on the importance of delegation in an environment where team works is an essential element. Following the outcomes of these theories, they have presented an easy step-by-step guide of effective delegation, whilst discussing benefits of delegation and empowerment for delegators and delegtees. They have also mentioned the factors that can hinder the effectiveness of delegation process and the importance of delegation in organizational settings. Curtis and Nicoll are both highly learned and well-educated lecturers at the school of nursing and midwifery studies, Trinity College, University of Dublin. The work that they have presented mainly address registered nurses and importance of delegation for nurses however that discussion is only limited to the introduction part and rest of it is rather generalized, which can interest any regular reader. This peer-reviewed article will help in understanding the fundamental concepts of delegation and the factors affecting the personnel involved along with the process of delegation, itself. The article further outlines the basic concepts and general layout of the delegation process which will help in understanding the dynamics of this phenomenon.... The article itself sheds light on the importance of delegation and empowerment in today’s organizations. The article asserts that given today’s delayered organizational structure, managers are required to ensure that employees are provided with necessary knowledge and authority to perform the tasks assigned with them effectively. Swarnalatha and Prasanna have discussed the approaches to empowerment of employees along with conditions necessary for empowerment. One positive attribute of this article is discussion regarding the role of organizational structure and policies in employees’ empowerment in the process of delegation. The research has thus moved its focus from personnel to organization which makes it address the holistic dimensions of this process. At the end, the article discussed process and advantages of empowerment at length. Hoch, J., White, K., Starkey, C., & Krause, B.A. (2009). Delegation and Empowerment in CAATE Accredited Athletic Training Educat ion Programs. Athletic Training Education Journal, 4, pp. 139-43. The research contains a quantitative analysis along with theoretical discussion regarding delegation and empowerment of department heads, in this case, program directors. The research helps in identifying the possible reasons behind managers choosing to delegate or not delegate some of their tasks to their juniors. Except Hoch, all the other researchers are PhDs and have authored other articles on the similar subjects. Where other articles were helpful in having literary information about established theories, this research helps in understanding practical implications of these theories. The research has two dimensions. At one end, it sheds light on the program directors/ managers perspective and also identifies